Learn about Turtles

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Liamming loves turtles and he learned all about the ones in Hawaii on his Oahu trip.

Sea turtles are among the oldest living creatures on Earth.

They have existed for more than 100 million years — surviving the extinction of dinosaurs and dramatic changes in climate. Calm, steady, and ancient, sea turtles move through oceans with quiet strength.

In Hawaii, sea turtles are especially meaningful. Known locally as honu, they are respected in Hawaiian culture and often seen resting peacefully along the shoreline.

Understanding sea turtles helps us appreciate marine life, conservation, and the delicate balance of ocean ecosystems.

What Is a Sea Turtle?

Sea turtles are reptiles that live in the ocean.

Like other reptiles, they:

  • Breathe air using lungs
  • Lay eggs on land
  • Have scaly skin
  • Are cold-blooded (their body temperature depends on the environment)

Unlike land turtles, sea turtles have:

  • Flippers instead of legs
  • Streamlined shells for swimming
  • The ability to travel long distances across oceans

There are seven species of sea turtles worldwide.

Sea Turtles Found in Hawaii

Two main species are commonly found in Hawaiian waters.

1. Green Sea Turtle (Honu)

Scientific name: Chelonia mydas

The green sea turtle is the most common turtle in Hawaii.

Why are they called “green” turtles?

The name comes from the color of their body fat, which has a greenish tint due to their plant-based diet.

Green sea turtles:

  • Can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) long
  • Can weigh over 300 pounds (136 kg)
  • Mostly eat algae and sea grass
  • Often rest on Hawaiian beaches

In Hawaii, honu are protected by law. It is illegal to touch or disturb them.

They are considered a symbol of good luck, endurance, and wisdom.

2. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Honuʻea)

Scientific name: Eretmochelys imbricata

The hawksbill turtle is much rarer in Hawaii.

It has:

  • A narrow, pointed beak (like a hawk)
  • A beautifully patterned shell

Hawksbill turtles often feed on sponges found in coral reefs.

Because their shells were historically used to make decorative items, hawksbill turtles became endangered.

Today, they are protected worldwide.

The Life Cycle of a Sea Turtle

Sea turtles begin life on land.

  1. A female turtle crawls onto a sandy beach at night.
  2. She digs a nest in the sand.
  3. She lays around 80–120 eggs.
  4. She covers the nest and returns to the ocean.

After about two months, hatchlings emerge.

They instinctively move toward the brightest horizon — usually the moonlight reflecting on the ocean.

This journey is dangerous. Birds, crabs, and fish may prey on them.

Only a small percentage survive to adulthood.

Adult sea turtles can live for 50 years or more.

How Sea Turtles Navigate

Sea turtles are remarkable navigators.

Scientists believe they use:

  • Earth’s magnetic field
  • Ocean currents
  • Sunlight positioning

Some turtles travel thousands of miles between feeding areas and nesting beaches.

A turtle born in Hawaii may travel across the Pacific Ocean and later return to the same beach to lay eggs.

Why Sea Turtles Matter to Ocean Ecosystems

Sea turtles play an important role in maintaining healthy oceans.

Green sea turtles help control sea grass growth.

By grazing on sea grass, they:

  • Prevent overgrowth
  • Promote healthy plant regrowth
  • Support habitats for fish and marine life

Hawksbill turtles help coral reefs by eating sponges that compete with coral.

Healthy turtle populations contribute to balanced marine ecosystems.

Threats to Sea Turtles

Despite their long history, sea turtles face many modern challenges.

Plastic Pollution

Turtles may mistake plastic bags for jellyfish.

Eating plastic can cause injury or death.

Fishing Nets

Accidental capture in fishing gear (called bycatch) is a major threat.

Coastal Development

Bright lights and construction near beaches can confuse hatchlings.

Climate Change

Rising temperatures affect sand temperature.

The temperature of sand determines whether hatchlings are male or female.

Warmer sand tends to produce more female turtles.

This imbalance could affect future populations.

Sea Turtles in Hawaiian Culture

In Native Hawaiian traditions, honu are seen as guardians and symbols of long life.

They represent:

  • Protection
  • Guidance
  • Connection between land and sea

Seeing a honu resting calmly on the shore is considered special.

Visitors are encouraged to observe respectfully from a safe distance.

How People Can Help

Protecting sea turtles involves simple actions:

  • Reduce plastic use
  • Dispose of trash properly
  • Respect wildlife viewing guidelines
  • Support marine conservation efforts

In Hawaii, staying at least 10 feet (3 meters) away from sea turtles helps reduce stress and disturbance.

Small actions can protect ancient creatures.

Final Reflection

Sea turtles have crossed oceans for millions of years.

They move steadily through currents, return faithfully to beaches, and quietly shape marine ecosystems.

In Hawaii, the honu resting on warm sand reminds observers to slow down.

Understanding sea turtles connects biology, geography, conservation, and culture.

They are living links to Earth’s distant past — and their future depends on thoughtful care today.

    Suggested Reading & Books

    The following books recommendations are accessible to parents, educators, and thoughtful readers.

    Sources & Further Reading

    The following trusted organizations provide accurate, educational information about sea turtles and conservation efforts:

    These resources are provided for educational purposes and to encourage continued learning about marine life and conservation.

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